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Financial inclusion, food inflation, and prospects in a 24-hour economy

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Over the past decade, mobile money has significantly increased financial inclusion in sub-Saharan Africa. However, the gender gap in access to financial services remains pronounced.

This article examines the potential impact of establishing a National Women’s Bank in Ghana, focusing on financial empowerment, food inflation and poverty alleviation, and the integration of women into the 24-hour economy.

Introduction

Mobile money has transformed financial technologies in sub-Saharan Africa, more than doubling financial inclusion over the past ten years. Despite this progress,

Ghana exhibits one of the widest gender gaps in access to financial services globally. According to the GSMA 2023 Industry Report, both awareness and usage of mobile money among men and women in Ghana have seen substantial growth.

Gender Gap in Financial Access

The Global Findex Database 2021 highlights that 63 percent of women in Ghana now hold formal financial accounts, indicating significant progress in accessing financial institutions. However, the gender gap has widened from 8 to 11 percent over the past five years, underscoring the need to address this disparity to meet the government’s financial inclusion objectives.

Furthermore, the World Bank reports that 44 percent of micro, small, and medium

enterprises (MSMEs) in Ghana are women-owned. This sector constitutes approximately 92 percent of all businesses and contributes around 70 percent to Ghana’s GDP.

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Efforts to empower women align with several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs):

SDG 1: Eradicating poverty
SDG 2: Ending hunger and promoting sustainable agriculture
SDG 3: Ensuring health and well-being
SDG 5: Achieving gender equality and economic empowerment for women
SDG 8: Promoting economic growth and job creation
SDG 9: Supporting industry

Proposal for a National Women’s Bank

As a public policy initiative, former President John Mahama and the National Democratic Congress propose the establishment of a National Women’s Bank. This institution aims to financially empower one million women, facilitating access to funding for small and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs).

The 24-Hour Economy Vision

John Mahama’s vision for a 24-hour economy seeks to create an environment where economic activities—production, services, and commerce—operate continuously, moving beyond the traditional 8-hour workday. This innovative policy will offer tax incentives, affordable and reliable energy, and financial support to businesses operating around the clock.

Addressing Food Inflation and Poverty

The UN World Food Programme reports that 5.5 million Ghanaians—18.4% of the population—lack adequate access to food. Rising food prices exacerbate food insecurity, with monthly food price inflation reaching a 22-year high of 61% in January 2023, consistently exceeding 50% thereafter.

Ghana’s challenges with food poverty stem from persistent issues such as inadequate infrastructure and financial constraints. Addressing these bottlenecks through the National Women’s Bank could enhance food production, mitigate inflation, and improve food security, especially in sectors dominated by women.

Impact on Unpaid Domestic Work

The National Women’s Bank can also significantly reduce financial exclusion in sectors reliant on unpaid labor, such as educational infrastructure and domestic

services. Globally, women perform over 76.4% of unpaid domestic work, with this figure rising to 80.2% in developing economies.

In Ghana, tasks such as preparing children for school and managing household chores fall disproportionately on women. By improving access to funding, the National Women’s Bank can empower women to outsource these responsibilities, thereby reducing their unpaid labor.

Conclusion

The establishment of the National Women’s Bank represents a revolutionary public policy initiative that could transform Ghana’s economic landscape. By fostering financial inclusion, addressing food poverty, and integrating women into the 24-hour economy, this initiative promises to enhance livelihoods and promote gender equality.

Source: Shamima Muslim, Contributor

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Ghana Reports First Oil Output Increase in Five Years With Production Rising By 10.7%

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Ghana has recorded a 10.7% increase in crude oil production in the first half of 2024, marking a reversal in a five-year trend of declining output, according to a report by Ghana’s Public Interest and Accountability Committee (PIAC).

The growth was largely driven by the Jubilee South East (JSE) project, managed by Tullow Oil, which began production in late 2023. This addition to Ghana’s Jubilee oil field helped boost production to 24.86 million barrels by June 2024, compared to a 13.2% decline over the same period in 2023.

PIAC’s half-year report also highlighted a significant rise in petroleum revenue, which surged by 56% year-on-year to $840.8 million by mid-2024. Ghana, a country that began oil production in 2010, depends on petroleum revenue for around 7% of government income. The report further noted a 7.5% increase in gas output, reaching 139.86 million standard cubic feet by June.

Despite the positive trend, Isaac Dwamena, coordinator of PIAC, cautioned that Ghana’s petroleum sector faces both technical and financial challenges. Ghanaian law requires oil companies to allocate at least 12% of project shares to the state, a mandate Dwamena noted can deter investment due to the high cost. “The state can take 15%, 20% carried interest based on negotiations, and that has been a disincentive,” he explained.

To further drive production, Ghana is planning to sell more exploration rights, aiming to harness its fossil fuel resources while also generating funds to support its energy transition. Major oil companies operating in the country include Eni, Tullow Oil, Kosmos Energy, and PetroSA.

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President urges universities to strengthen ties with industries

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President Nana Addo Dankwa Akufo-Addo has called on universities in Ghana to strengthen ties with government, industries, and the communities they serve to ensure that researches are aligned with the needs of society.

That would contribute directly to the realisation of national development goals, he said.

The President made the call at Nyankpala during a ceremony to inaugurate a three-storey multi-purpose building for the University of Development Studies (UDS).

The building fulfills the President’s promise to the UDS during its 25 Anniversary celebrations.

It is named the “Silver Jubilee Building” in remembrance of the President.

The facility boasts of offices, conference halls, lecture theaters, and houses some faculties of the university.

President Akufo-Addo said universities were “breeding grounds” for ideas, researches and innovations that drove the nation’s progress and should remain actively engaged in the development process.

He said government believed in educating the population as the bedrock of a thriving democracy, a vibrant economy and a just society.

The President, thus, outlined some policies implemented aimed at improving access to education at all levels, which included the “no guarantor policy”.

He said the policy had improved access to tertiary education as it had eliminated financial barriers that historically prevented brilliant students from pursuing higher education.

The “no guarantor policy” for student loans increased the numbers of students seeking tertiary education from 443,978 in the 2016-2017 academic year to 711,695 in the 2020-2023 academic year, an increase of 60.3 per cent.

President Akufo-Addo said his government had extended considerable energy and resources to the education sector, recognising it as the most powerful tool to transforming the nation.

He said: “The considerable budgetary allocations within the period totaling some GH¢12.8 billion, amply demonstrates the shared determination of the Akufo-Addo government to ensure that education becomes a catalyst around which the transformation of our nation revolves.”

Source: GNA

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We’ve learnt our lessons; we won’t borrow to finance 2024/2025 crop season

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The Ghana Cocoa Board (COCOBOD) has announced that it will transition to self-financing for the 2024/2025 cocoa crop season, starting in September 2024.

For the past 32 years, COCOBOD has relied on offshore borrowing to finance cocoa purchases through its cocoa syndication programme. However, the organization is shifting its strategy to reduce dependency on external funds.

Speaking to the media on Tuesday, August 20, COCOBOD’s CEO, Joseph Boahen Aidoo, explained that this new approach is expected to save an estimated $150 million.

“Is it good that always COCOBOD should be heard going to borrow? Are we comfortable with that tag? Today, you have heard that COCOBOD is not going to borrow. It is quite a good time for any human being to learn his or her lessons.

“In 32 years, we have learned our lessons and we think that it is high time we wean ourselves from the offshore international financial markets and then finance the crop ourselves here and that is exactly what we are going to do. And I think it comes with a lot of projectory benefits.

“We are looking for $1.5 billion this crop season and looking at the interest rates last year, which were over 8 percent, plus the cost, it means that we can save more than $150 million by the decision not to go offshore.

He also denied assertions that COCOBOD was short-changing farmers with its pricing of cocoa.

“It is not true that COCOBOD is not giving the farmers a fair price. If you follow the narrative, you will notice that from 2017 on, COCOBOD has even been more than fair.

“The government had been more than fair to farmers because this was a time when prices had collapsed but the government and COCOBOD did not reduce the farmers’ price.”

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